Many many years ago the evolved homo sapiens started living together in the form of hierarchical society, they also develop different norms to be live by. the ethnarchs remain most honorable, favored and privileged stratum of the society, but with the passage of time those ethnarchs not only exempted themselves from existing norms but let alone they started to make laws for other member of societies. therefore rapacity for power increase among the people thus different tactics through out different phase of time were used , these leads to different system of governance in human history
Monarchy remains one of the most wildly practiced and long standing form of governance in human history, the rulers have an absolute power to make any kind of rule but they themselves were exempted from any kind of laws, it is still intact in some part of the world . the system of panchayat was also exercised in some tribal area of the world through out history here four to five powerful men were in the charge of whole governance of the society. in both of these system the common people were deprived from the basic right of choosing their own ruler and any kind of say in governance matter .
In 508 BCE under Cleisthenes , Athens developed a new system in which common people were given some rights and say in the governance matter, but after Athens this system did not get any widespread popularity because it was fiercely opposed by monarchs as it was checking the absolute power of monarchs, in 1215 AD, Magna Carta was issued in which for the first time principal were made to bring the monarchs and his government under the law but it was not until 1630 AD in new England colonies where legislature governed as free assembly, with every freeman eligible to directly vote in the election of officers and drafting of law and 1789 French revolution the modern democracy started , in which the government are elected by common people, these selected people represent the ideas and concern of the citizen in legislation of laws and governance matter.
Modern democracy it the best form of governance in the history of the human kind sofar as it represent freedom and choice of the common people in electing of their ruler and the laws by which they live their life and it serve as safeguard against tyranny and oppression of common people which was very normal under monarchs throughout human history furthermore it also create framework for peaceful coexistence by enshrining the rule of law and promotion of inclusive society. the main drawback of democracy is the raise of dynastic politics which is same as monarchy which leads to authoritarianism and rise of populism though dis information and exploitation of the lower class thus their is still room for more better form of governance than democracy
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