Background
Balochistan, Pakistan
On 19, July 1947,Mountain batten called a round table conference between representative of Pakistan and state of kalat (balochistan) to discuss the status of kalat after the British. In this conference both parties sign the stand still agreement which also specify that both parties would soon discuss their relationship on defense and external affairs, the articles of standstill agreement state that Pakistan accept the status of kalat as independent state and Pakistan shall stand committed to all the responsibilities , agreement signed by kalat and the British government from 1839 to 1947and also Pakistan will be the legal successor of the British.
Soon after the British left sub continent in 1947, with out making any discussion with Pakistan, the leader of Kalat, Ahmad Yar Khan announce independent status for kalat. later on M.A Jinnah proposed Ahmad Yar Khan to incorporate Baluchistan as province of Pakistan , which was opposed by lower house of Baluchistan provincial assembly when referred by khan but it is believed that Pakistan army abducted khan and force him to sign the proposal on his own and thus Baluchistan became part of Pakistan. from that day the Baloch people exhibited a fiercely independent streak and always resented being ruled by Islamabad.
In 1955 Pakistan dissolve all the princely states of Baluchistan under one unit policy, Nawab Nauroz khan took up arms and start guerrilla warfare against Pakistan army but all of his family member were killed and he himself died in captivity, which put an end to the separatist movement.
In 1960, the separatist movement gain momentum when through new constitution the provincial autonomy was decreased, Balochi tribesmen led by Sher Mohammad Marri rebelled against the government in the tribal areas of Mengal, Marri, and Bukti between 1963 and 1969, and Baloch student organization was established in 1967 for the independence of Baluchistan . the clashes between government forces and the rebels continued and in 1971, the government announce the formation of balochistan province but later on due to high tension in the area president Bhutto announce martial law in balochistan in 1973, which lead to the formation of Baluchistan people liberation front(BPLF) and warfare continued in which Pakistan army inflict heavy causalities on the rebels after that insurgences greatly reduced in the province, more than 13,000 individual including 5,300 rebels and 3,300 government soldiers were killed during the crisis. The conflict re start after the rape of Dr Shazia Khalid at Sui Gas facility and the incident accused officer captain Hammad was not punished, this incident ignite a new wave of uprising and conflict in the province between different Baloch tribes and Pakistan army. In 2006 Nawab akbar khan Bughti was killed by Pakistan army in a heavy fighting in which more 60 army personal 7 officer were also killed. In April 2009 Baloch Nationalist Movement President Gholam Mohammad Baloch were killed in front of his lawyer. The khan of kalat declared himself a ruler of Baluchistan and formally announced the formation of consul for independent Baluchistan which also include Baluchistan and sistan province of Iran . after 2009, many incident of fighting happened in Baluchistan province of Pakistan in which many military personal, civilian and insurgent were killed, and more than 5000 balochs are still missing.
Pakistan accused Tehran several time for not taking decisive action against BLA and BLF whom it designated as militant, are using their soil against Pakistan, the claim which Tehran always denied.
Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran
In 2004, Sunni rebels also stated insurgencies and separatist movement in the Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran, an organization named Junduallah was founded by Sunni Muslims of sistan province ,who carries out different targeted attacked on Iran's politician and military personal. the group weakened when it leader Abdolmalek Rigi was executed in 2010 by Iran. In 2012 the remaining members of Jundallah group founded a new organization know as Jash al Adl with the same ideology of Baloch nationalism and separatism. The group carried out it first attacked on 25 August 2012 in which 10 member of IRGC were killed, after that they carried out numerous attack inside Iran in which more than 100 security personal and hundred more civilians have lost their lives . the most recent attacked was on December 15 when member of the group attacked police station in which 11 police were killed. from time to time Iran has accused Pakistan of providing safe heaven to militants of Jash Al Adl, the claim which Islamabad always denied.
Iran Attack
On January 3, suicide attack on the memorial of Qasim Soleimani killed at least 90 people, while making more than 200 injured , it was the deadliest attack on Iranian soil in a decades for which ISIL Afghanistan claimed responsibility, but Iran accused Israel as perpetrator behind the attack. A month earlier jash al adl claimed the responsibility of attack which killed 11 police personal and the killing of Syed Razi Mousavi in Syria by Israel drone, reflect the weakness of Iran intelligence, internal and external pressure mount on Iranian government and military to take retaliatory action against the perpetrator of these incidents. so Iran carried out missile attack in Iraq and Syria.
On the evening of 16 January 2024, Iran carried out air strike in Pakistani village of Koh-e-Sabz in Kulag, about 60 kilometers (37 miles) from Panjgur district, what it claimed to be "precise missile and drone attack" on two strong hold of Jash al Adl and claimed that it hash successfully destroyed them.
Pakistan claimed that 2 children were killed and 3 others were injured in the air strike.
later on Jash al Adl also claimed that the strike hit the house in which the wife and children of the member of the group were living and which killed two children
Pakistan Retaliate
Pakistan describe the airstrikes as "unprovoked violation of its airspace by Iran … inside Pakistani territory" ,recalled it ambassador from Iran and suspended all the Iranian high level visit as a protest. and also warned that "Pakistan reserves the right to respond to this illegal act". but pressure increase on the caretaker government and military establishment from Pakistani citizen to retaliate, so after 24 hours of delay a meting of high civilian and military officials authorized Pakistan air force to carry out operation "Marg Bar Sarmachar" what pakistan claimed to be "highly coordinated" military strikes based on "credible intelligence" source on the hideout of militant who carry out terrorist activity inside Pakistan , Iran media claimed that nine foreign national including 3 children and 4 women were killed in the attack. Pakistan release a statement which state that "Pakistan fully respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The sole objective of today’s act was in pursuit of Pakistan’s own security and national interest which is paramount and cannot be compromised" it also added that Pakistan did not want to provoke an escalation .Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned the senior-most Pakistani diplomat in Tehran to “offer explanations” for the attacks.
Aftermath of the incident
Pakistan retaliation further increase the tension in the region . All the foreign power including china and USA called on both countries to restrain from further escalation and to respect the territorial integrity of each other.
A meeting of National Security Committee was held in Pakistan to lower tension with Iran, “The forum (NSC) expressed that Iran is a neighbourly and brotherly Muslim country, and existing multiple communication channels between the two countries should be mutually utilised to address each other’s security concerns in the larger interest of regional peace and stability,”
Pakistan release statement that it dose not want escalation with Iran and it want to resolve the situation through dialogue to which Iran also respond that Iran “adheres to the policy of good neighborliness and brotherhood between the two nations and the two governments”. later on the two countries foreign minister also held telephonic conversation in which both committed to de escalate tension
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